I.t.application in business

  A   telecommunications network   is a group of   nodes   interconnected by   links   that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of   circuit switching ,   message switching , or   packet switching , to pass messages and signals. Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass the message from an originating node to the destination node, via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network. Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio network...

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating System , VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc. Definition An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs. Following are some of important functions of an operating System. Memory Management Processor Management Device Management File Management Security Control over system performance Job accounting Error detecting aids Coordination between other software and users Memory Management Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main memory is a large array of words or bytes ...

Windows Operating System History & Versions The Windows operating system (Windows OS) refers to a family of operating systems developed by Microsoft Corporation. We look at the history of Windows OS from 1985 to present day. The Windows operating system ( Windows OS ) for desktop PCs is more formally called Microsoft Windows and is actually  a family  of operating systems for personal computers. Windows has traditionally dominated the personal computer world, running, by some estimates, more than 75 percent of all personal computers. Beginning in the early 2000s, Windows dominance has lessened with the growth of the Linux Teacherac operating systems. Windows provides a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices. In addition to Windows operating systems for personal computers, Microsoft also offers operating systems for servers and mobile devices...

What is Linux ?   Linux® is an   open source   operating system (OS). An   operating system   is the software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and   storage . The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work. Think about an OS like a car engine. An engine can run on its own, but it becomes a functional car when it’s connected with a transmission, axles, and wheels. Without the engine running properly, the rest of the car won’t work. How does Linux work? Linux was designed to be similar to UNIX, but has evolved to run on a wide variety of hardware from phones to supercomputers. Every Linux-based OS involves the Linux kernel—which manages hardware resources—and a set of software packages that make up the rest of the operating system. The OS includes some common core components, like the GNU t...

Android App Development Fundamentals for Beginners Android  is an  operating system  which is build basically for Mobile phones. It is based on the Linux Kernel and other open sources softwares and is developed by  Google . It is used for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. But nowadays these are used in Android Auto cars, TV, watches, camera,etc. It has been one of the best-selling OS for smartphones. Android OS was developed by  Android Inc . which Google bought in 2005. Various applications (apps) like games, music player, camera, etc. are build for these smartphones for running on Android.  Google Play store  features more than 3.3 million apps. The app is developed on an application known as  Android Studio.  These executable apps are installed through a bundle or package called  APK(Android Package Kit) . Android Fundamentals Android Programming Languages :  In Android, basically programming...

Features of C Programming Language  C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed as a system programming language to write an operating system. The main features of C language include low-level access to memory, a simple set of keywords, and clean style, these features make C language suitable for system programmings like an operating system or compiler development. Features of C Programming Language: Procedural Language Fast and Efficient Modularity Statically Type General Purpose Language Rich set of built in Operators Libraries with rich Functions Middle Level Language Portability Easy to Extend Let us see the features one by one: Procedural Language:  In a procedural language like C step by step predefined instructions are carried out. C program may contain more than one function to perform a particular task. New people to programming will think that this is the only way of a particular progr...

Give an historical account on C language. C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at bell laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in the U.S.A. Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of the c language. It was developed to overcome the problems of previous languages such as B, BCPL, etc. Initially, C language was developed to be used in UNIX operating system. It inherits many features of previous languages such as B and BCPL Evolution of C programming language : Chas often been termed as a "Pseudo high level language" or a "Middle level language" by many programmers. This is not because of its lack of programming power but because of its capability to access the system's low level functions. In fact C was invented specifically to implement UNIX. C instructions are compiled to assembly code, therefore, depending on the complexity of the code and on the compiler optimization...

  What are different types of languages ? Ans : Mainly there are two types of computer languages. 1. Low Level Computer Languages :           These are machine codes or close to it. Computer cannot understand instruction given in high level languages or in English. It can only understand and execute instructions given in the form of machine languages i.e. the binary number 0 and 1.         There are two types of low level computer language.   Machine Language : The lowest and most elementary language and was the first type of programming language to be developed. Mache language is basically the only language which computer can understand. In fact, a manufacturer designs a computer to obey just one language, its machine code, which is represented inside the computer by a string of binary digits (bits) O and 1. The symbol O stand for the absence of an electric pulse and 1 for the presence of an electric pulse. Since a computer is...